hessels



(No Model.) 7 3 SheetsSheet 1.

A; HES SELS. MACHINE FOR CUTTING DIAMONDS.

No. 249,523. Patented Nov. 15,1881.

INVENT WITNESSES 2% ad/l ATTORNEY mgmphen Washingw m u, c

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2..

1 A. HESSELS. MACHINE FOR CUTTING DIAMONDS.

No. 249,523. Patented Nov. 15,1881.

WITNESSES a7; Mai

ATTORNEY (No Model.) 3 ShetsSheet 3.

A. HESSELS. c MACHINE FOR CUTTING DIAMONDS. No. 249,523. Patented Nov. 15,1881.

N. PETERS. Phutmljlhogmyuher, wmhm mn. 0.6.

UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE.

ANTHONY HESSELS,

OF NE'W YORK, N. Y.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING DIAMONDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Lettersfratent No. 249,523, dated November Application filed September 25, 1880. (No model.)

Letters Patent have heretofore been grantedto me, numbered 216,955 and'dated July 1, 1879, so as to simplify the construction and avoid nearly entirely one objectionable featureto wit, the cementing of the diamonds 'to the dops by tin-solder.

The cementing of the diamonds to the dops is connected with several disadvantages: first, it requires time to heat up the tin-solder on a jewelers lamp for putting on or removing the diamonds, and, secondly, the upper cuttin g-diamond carries frequently small particles of the tin-solder over the surface to be cut, so as to scratch or otherwise injure the same, which frequently necessitates the recutting of the facets and considerable loss of time.

Heretofore it has not been believed to be possible to hold the diamonds in any other j ustable jaws, sockets,

manner than by means of the tin-solder; butl have discovered by practical tests that the diamonds may also be firmly and securely held in position by properly-constructed chucks, by the use of which the objections heretofore stated are fully avoided and a considerable saving of timeandlaborin cuttingthediamondsobtained.

My invention consists of a series of chucks in which the diamond is securely held by adand retaining-tongues.

.It consists, secondly, in securing the round or octagonal shanks of the chucks into the socket of a cylinder pivoted to an axially-adjustable auxiliary frame, which latter is supported on a laterally-adjustable slide-frame of a longitudinally-reciprocating carriage. The socket-cylinder is supported on a laterally-adjustable block of the auxiliary frame and secured to the frame by a clamp-screw.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a plan view of my improved machine for cutting diamonds; Fig. 2, a front elevation, partly in section; and Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are top and side views, on an enlarged scale, of different chucks, adapted for holding the diamonds during the different cutting operations. Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse section through the lower slide frame and the parts connected by it. Figs. 8 and 9 are, respectively, a top view and a vertical transverse section on line w :0, Fig. 8, of the upper slideframe and pivot-socket. Figs. 10 and 11 are vertical transverse sections of the chucks, shown respectively in Figs. 4 and 5, and Fig. 12 is a detail viewof a slotted retaining-arm or holder of the chuck.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

In the drawings, A represents the horizontally-reciprocating frame of the upper cuttingdiamond, which frame is guided in a vertical standard, A, and set in motion by a crankconnection 'with the driving-shaft. The top frame, A, carries a vertically-adjustable frame, B, to which a socket, B, is pivoted, into which, instead of the dop heretofore employed, a chuck, G, that carries the cutting-diamond is firmly secured by a set-screw. The verticallyadjustable frame B is provided with a ratchetand-pawl feeding mechanism, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, by which the cutting-diamond is gradually fed downward, so as to abrade the facets on the diamond. The lower diamond is, in similar manner as the rough-cutting diamond, held by a chuck, D, which is set into a socket, E-that is, pivoted to supports of an axially-adjustable auxiliary frame, E. The auxiliary frame E is guided by arc-shaped slots a, along fixed screw-posts b of a laterallyadjustable slide-frame, F,which is guided on rails of the longitudinally guided and'reciprocated carriage F, the latter receiving, like the horizontal frame of the cutting-diamond, its motion from the driving crank-shaft, as shown in Fig. l.

By the pivotconnection with the auxiliary frame E the socket E may be set to any angle toward a perpendicular line, as required by the facets to be cut. The socket E may also be turned by the auxiliary frame around the vertical axis of the latter for the purpose of bringing the grain of the stone into proper direction toward the cutting-diamond.

The pivoted socket E rests upon an adjustable block or cheek-piece, Eflwhichmay be moved forward or backward in guide-grooves ICC of the auxiliary frame E by means of an adjusting-screw, d, which engages the block E and is retained in a fixed guard or ball, (1', of the auxiliary frame by means of shoulders or collars d.

The diamond supported in the lower chuck, D, may be readily adjusted into any desired position or angle toward the cutting-diamond, so as to cut any front or back facet of the same with absolute accuracy and certainty, whatever he the grain of the stone.

The chucks G and D are constructed with .round, octagonal, or other shanks, which, are

set into correspondingly-shaped holes of the socketsand secured therein by means of setscrews. In my former patent referred to a cylindrical (lop-socket was turned, together with ,the dop and stone, while now I turn the stone in the chuck without changing the position of the chuck in the socket.

For cutting the different facets of the diainondsthe construction of the chucks has to bemodiiied. The table and cullet of the diamond I prefer to cut in the old manner by sol- 2.5

dering the rough diamond into its dop, but the front and back facets I cut bymeans of diamonds which are set into chucks of different constructions, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6.

.Each chuck is provided with a transverse center piece, 0, of dovetail shape, which is set into a transverse center recess of the chuck and secured by a screw, 0. The center pieces, e, ar,e made of different thicknesses and are interchanged according to the size of the stone 35.

tobefcut. The chuck O of the upper cuttingdiamond is'provided with a retaining-tongue, f, which is adjusted by a slotted-arm, f, extending at right angles therefrom and being attached by a clam p-screw, f, to one side of the chuck O,and by a clamp-screw, f, to the top of the same, as shown clearly in Figs. 2 and 6.

The center piece, 0, has a tapering socket for receiving the back portion of the diamond.

For cutting the front facets, center pieces, 6, withsockets of different sizes are also employed in the chucks, while for the back facets the .chnck D, shown in Figs.3 and 4, is used. The chuckfshown in Fig. 5, is employed for shaping the front of the stone by cutting the main front facets. The chuck D is also provided with guided and laterally-adjustable side jaws,

, g, which are set to the diamond by screws 9,

turning by retaining-collars in end flanges of the chuck. The jaws 9 have inclined edges which bear on the stone and hold the same firmly in position on the interchangeable center piece, as shown in Fig. 4. A transverse stop, 9 with threaded shank,turns in a center lug of the chuck and serves as a rest for the diamond, preventing any change of position transversely to the jaws. In the chuck shown in Fig. 5 the jaws are furthermore provided with inclined rectangular recesses at the edges. By means of these chucks the diamond to be cut may be exposed to the action of the upper cutting-diamond in any desired position, so as to cut any one of its facets, the back facets being firstcut and finally the front facets. By the adjustability of the chuck-sockets the proper angle of inclination for the facets and the proper direction of their grain toward the cuttin g-dinmond is obtained, while by the chucks the setting of the diamond so as to cut one facet after the other is accomplished quickly and without the tedious soldering of the same into the old-style dops.

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a diamond-cutting machine, the upper cutting-diamond holders, consisting of the longitudinall y guided and reciprocating carriage, the vertically-adjustable slide-frame, an axially-adjustable frame, and a socket pivoted and secured thereto, in combination with the lower diamond-holders, consisting of an axially-adjustable auxiliary frame, E, having a chucksocket, E, pivoted thereto, and a cheek-piece, E adjustable, as set forth, to support the socket, substantially as specified.

2. In a machine for cutting diamonds, a chuck provided with rectilinear laterally-adjustable jaws which have beveled ends,in combination with the interchangeable transverse center-piece and the chuck-plate D,.substantially as described.

3. In a machine for cutting diamonds, a chuck provided with laterally-adjustable retaining-j aws, interchangeable center piece, and a transverse stop, substantially as described.

4. The upper cutting-diamond-holdingchuck, composed of the bifurcated and adjustable retaining-tongue, in combination with the transverse interchangeable center piece and the chuck-plate, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my'name, in presence of two witnesses, this 16th day of September, 1880.

ANTHONY HESSELS. .Witnesses:

PAUL GoErEL, CARL KARP. 

